An estimated 356,000 in-home fires caused more than $7 billion in U.S. residential property damage in 2009, according to data from the United States Fire Administration.

The fires caused more than 12,000 injuries, and killed more than 2,500 people in the North Georgia Mountains and nationwide.

Unfortunately, many of affected homes did have smoke detectors — they just weren’t working properly. This is why it’s critically important to test your home’s smoke detectors at least once annually.

When you test a smoke detector, you’re making sure that the alarm will trigger in the event of a real-life fire. A proper test will confirm that the batteries have useful life, and that the device’s smoke detection components are operating as expected.

To test your smoke detector, here’s what to do :

1. Make a checklist of your home’s smoke detectors
2. Go to the first smoke detector
3. Ask a helper to go to the farthest point from the detector within your home
4. Press the smoke detector’s testing button up to 10 seconds to activate the alarm
5. Confirm with your helper that the alarm could be heard from his/her location
6. Note on the checklist whether the smoke detector worked, or needs replacement

You can also take your test a step further.

Just because the smoke detector’s alarm can be heard from the farthest point in your house doesn’t mean that the alarm will sound in the event of a real fire. Therefore, you may want to buy a “smoke test”.

Smoke tests are aerosol cans that simulate a bona fide in-home fire. You can buy them for less than $15 at your local hardware store, or at Amazon.com. If your smoke detector fails to sound its alarm in the presence of a “real fire”, make sure you replace it right away.

Many of these deaths occurred in homes with no smoke detectors or no working smoke detectors.

When detectors fail, it’s often because its batteries are dead or missing. Therefore, make a point to test your smoke detectors annually.

Here’s how to do it:

1. Have somebody go to the farther point of the house from the detector
2. Push and hold the testing button for 5 seconds to activate the alarm
3. Confirm the alarm is audible by all parties

You should also buy smoke detector aerosol and spray it directly into the device.  This will simulate a real fire.  If the alarm doesn’t sound, the smoke detector will fail when it’s needed most.  Replace the device immediately — even if it beeps when you push the Test button.

Smoke detectors are inexpensive and essential.  Make sure the devices in your home are working properly.  Test them at least once per year.